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This assay simultaneously provides the following genotoxicity and cytotoxicity measurements:
Genotoxicity Measurements
- % Micronucleus Formation
Micronucleus frequency provides information on induction of chromosome damage.
- Mode of Action
When used with certain cell lines (e.g. hamster CHO-K1), the percentage of hypodiploid nuclei can provide information regarding mode of action, discriminating aneugens from clastogens.
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Cytotoxicity Measurements
- Cell Number
By including latex ‘counting beads’ in the cell culture, relative survival, relative increased cell counts and relative population doublings can be determined. These measurements are useful for setting top concentration of test article.
- Dead/Dying Cells
The health of treated cells can be determined by the percentage of particles that are stained with Nucleic Acid Dye A (EMA-positive). Any dose where the EMA-positive fold increase (over background) is higher than the MN fold increase should be considered too cytotoxic to interpret.
- Cell Cycle Information
Changes to the cell cycle can be determined from DNA-associated fluorescence. The detection of the G2/M delay, associated with a DNA damage response, can help assure you have reached a proper dose.
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